Resource Center

EV technician servicing an open high-voltage battery with controlled tools, organized hardware, and a tool accountability checklist for safe battery service.
Tool Control Procedures for EV Battery Service Work Areas
Every tool, fastener, and accessory that enters an EV battery service work area must be accounted for before the system is closed or reenergized. This article explains how to establish... Read more...
EV technician wearing arc-rated PPE while servicing a high-voltage traction battery, illustrating task-based arc-flash hazard assessment and PPE selection for EV service.
Arc-Rated PPE for EV Technicians: Task-Based Selection in the Absence of Standard Arc Flash Tables
No universally accepted EV-specific arc-flash task/PPE table exists — but the absence of a standard table does not mean the absence of a hazard, and it does not justify inventing... Read more...
Rubber insulating gloves for EV high-voltage service showing Class 00 and Class 0 DC voltage ratings, leather protectors, and an electric vehicle traction battery system.
Rubber Insulating Glove Classes and EV Battery Voltage: Selecting the Right Glove for the System
Rubber insulating glove selection for EV HV service must be based on the actual maximum voltage exposure — not a vehicle's nominal architecture label. This article explains the ASTM D120... Read more...
EV technician using a digital multimeter to verify absence of voltage at high-voltage components, illustrating the isolate, wait, and verify process for safe EV service.
Verifying Absent Voltage in EV High-Voltage Systems: Instruments, Test Points, and Procedure
Isolation changes circuit state. The required wait period allows stored capacitor energy to discharge. Only electrical measurement establishes the actual condition of the circuit. This article explains what test instrument... Read more...
EV high-voltage capacitor discharge graphic illustrating voltage decay over time and the isolate, wait, and verify process before electrical service.
Capacitor Discharge Wait Times in EV Service: Why the Timer Matters
EV OEM service procedures require a waiting period after HV isolation because power-electronics capacitors retain stored energy after the traction battery is disconnected. This article explains what happens electrically during... Read more...
EV technician removing a high-voltage service disconnect from a traction battery, illustrating circuit isolation, retained battery energy, and the need to verify absence of voltage before service.
EV Service Disconnect Removal: What It Does and Does Not Accomplish
Removing an EV high-voltage service disconnect changes the electrical circuit — it does not prove the absence of hazardous voltage. This article explains what service disconnect removal actually accomplishes, what... Read more...
EV technician working near a high-voltage traction battery, illustrating DC electrical shock hazards, current paths through the body, and factors affecting injury risk.
DC Electrical Shock Hazards: How EV Battery Voltages Affect Injury Risk
How DC electrical shock occurs in EV high-voltage systems, why voltage matters without being the direct mechanism of injury, and how body impedance, contact conditions, current path, and duration influence... Read more...
EV traction battery arc-flash hazard illustrating high-voltage DC battery components, electrical arcing, and key factors affecting arc-flash risk and incident-energy analysis.
Arc Flash Hazard Analysis for EV Battery Systems: Current State and Practical Approach
The current state of arc-flash hazard analysis for EV traction-battery systems, why conventional AC calculation methods cannot be transferred to EV HV DC systems, what variables control arc severity, and... Read more...
EV high-voltage system showing orange HV cabling, electrical warning labels, component markings, connectors, and service disconnect identification used to recognize potential electrical hazards.
EV High-Voltage Warning Labels, Color Coding, and Identification Systems
How technicians recognize EV high-voltage components and circuits through cable colors, warning labels, symbols, component markings, connectors, and service-disconnect identification. Visual identification systems warn where HV may be present —... Read more...
BEV, PHEV, and HEV comparison showing key high-voltage components, including traction batteries, motors, inverters, onboard chargers, and power electronics across electrified vehicle platforms.
EV High-Voltage Component Identification by Platform: BEV, PHEV, and HEV Differences
How high-voltage component presence, function, and general system layout differ among BEVs, PHEVs, and HEVs. Vehicle type predicts what HV components may be present — but only OEM-specific information establishes... Read more...
EV high-voltage system illustrating the differences between DC and AC electrical hazards across the traction battery, inverter, motor, and charging circuits.
DC vs. AC Electrical Hazards in EV High-Voltage Systems
Where DC and AC exist within EV high-voltage systems, why technicians may encounter both in the same vehicle, and how their shock, arcing, switching, stored-energy, and service-hazard characteristics differ. An... Read more...
EV traction battery pack with exposed modules and high-voltage cabling, illustrating battery voltage, energy capacity, stored electrical energy, and short-circuit fault-current hazards.
EV Battery Pack Energy Storage: Voltage, Capacity, and Short-Circuit Energy
A technical resource explaining the electrical quantities that define an EV traction battery's stored-energy and fault-energy hazard: voltage, amp-hour capacity, kilowatt-hour capacity, state of charge, internal resistance, and prospective short-circuit... Read more...